[et_pb_section fb_built=”1″ _builder_version=”4.21.0″ _module_preset=”default” width=”95.4%” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_row _builder_version=”4.21.0″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_column type=”4_4″ _builder_version=”4.21.0″ _module_preset=”default” border_width_all=”0px” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_text _builder_version=”4.27.2″ _module_preset=”default” background_color=”rgba(224,176,74,0.09)” width=”70%” max_width=”100%” module_alignment=”center” custom_padding=”7px|6px|0px|6px|false|false” hover_enabled=”0″ border_width_all=”1px” global_colors_info=”{}” sticky_enabled=”0″]<\/p>\n
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The Glossary introduces widespread Terms belonging to the jargon used in the Reiki milieu as well as concepts that extend the scope of Reiki, scholarly constructed on solid grounds, nevertheless recognizable and applicable for Reiki practitioners.<\/span><\/p>\n [\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row column_structure=”1_6,1_6,1_6,1_6,1_6,1_6″ make_equal=”on” _builder_version=”4.21.0″ _module_preset=”default” module_alignment=”center” custom_margin=”||||false|false” custom_padding=”||||false|false” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_column type=”1_6″ _builder_version=”4.21.0″ _module_preset=”default” custom_padding=”0px|0px|0px|0px|false|false” border_width_all=”0px” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_text _builder_version=”4.21.0″ _module_preset=”default” custom_padding=”||||false|false” global_colors_info=”{}”]<\/p>\n > Benificial effect<\/span><\/a> [\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=”1_6″ _builder_version=”4.21.0″ _module_preset=”default” border_width_all=”0px” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_text _builder_version=”4.21.0″ _module_preset=”default” custom_padding=”||||false|false” global_colors_info=”{}”]<\/p>\n > Ethics\u200b<\/span><\/a> [\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=”1_6″ _builder_version=”4.21.0″ _module_preset=”default” border_width_all=”0px” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_text _builder_version=”4.21.0″ _module_preset=”default” custom_padding=”||||false|false” global_colors_info=”{}”]<\/p>\n > Ideals\u200b<\/span><\/a> [\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=”1_6″ _builder_version=”4.21.0″ _module_preset=”default” border_width_all=”0px” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_text _builder_version=”4.21.0″ _module_preset=”default” custom_padding=”||||false|false” global_colors_info=”{}”]<\/p>\n > Money<\/span><\/a> [\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=”1_6″ _builder_version=”4.21.0″ _module_preset=”default” border_width_all=”0px” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_text _builder_version=”4.21.0″ _module_preset=”default” custom_padding=”||||false|false” global_colors_info=”{}”]<\/p>\n > Principles<\/span><\/a> [\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=”1_6″ _builder_version=”4.21.0″ _module_preset=”default” border_width_all=”0px” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_text _builder_version=”4.21.0″ _module_preset=”default” custom_padding=”||||false|false” global_colors_info=”{}”]<\/p>\n > Spirituality<\/span><\/a> [\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row _builder_version=”4.21.0″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_column type=”4_4″ _builder_version=”4.21.0″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_text module_id=”1″ _builder_version=”4.21.0″ _module_preset=”default” custom_padding=”8px|8px|0px|8px|false|false” global_colors_info=”{}”]<\/p>\n Benificial effect<\/strong><\/p>\n Reiki is practiced with the hope or expectation for some sort of beneficial effect for the recipient. Often, such effects fall within the scope of the overarching term ‘healing’. Yet, it is difficult to formulate in more detail a summarized and all encompassing way what such effects might be and is therefore not attempted in this Glossary of Terms. Many books on Reiki, websites and PR material of Reiki practitioners and Reiki organizations though, formulate in one way or the other what is suggested to consider as beneficial effects. The way that it is formulated depends on the legislation per country, on the space that the law offers to permit or interdict claims of beneficial effect of any therapy or treatment, in this case Reiki.<\/span><\/p>\n Therefore, we refer readers back to that material as well as to sources of information where one can find academic literature on Reiki, like PubMed, to make up one\u2019s own view on possible beneficial effects of Reiki.<\/span><\/p>\n https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n [\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text module_id=”2″ _builder_version=”4.21.0″ _module_preset=”default” min_height=”227.2px” custom_padding=”|8px||8px|false|false” global_colors_info=”{}”]<\/p>\n Code of Ethics<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n The Reiki principles can be regarded as a basis for ethics for personal use in daily life. In the interaction between professional Reiki practitioner and recipient, there is always ethics involved which demand to be more precise what is meant by that. Therefore, most if not all Reiki organizations have incorporated a certain Code of Ethics for this type of interaction. Often, it is experienced as a challenge not only to formulate a Code of Ethics properly but also to agree what the scope should be, in other words whether such Code should also lecture one\u2019s personal life.<\/span><\/p>\n One example of such extended scope can be found here: http:\/\/www.reikialliance.com\/en\/article\/code-of-ethics (site visited on January 1, 2019) where members implicit state – when becoming a member – that they should not be an alcoholic or drug abuser.<\/span><\/p>\n Defining the scope for such Code is a delicate issue where the outcome may differ per organization because it touches many other dimensions of the country it resides in, like culture, religious background, legal system, healthcare system.<\/span><\/p>\n [\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text module_id=”3″ _builder_version=”4.21.0″ _module_preset=”default” min_height=”227.2px” custom_padding=”|8px||8px|false|false” global_colors_info=”{}”]<\/p>\n Coping strategy<\/span><\/strong> Reiki practice can be approached and experienced among others as method, model or spirituality. In a more medical setting, Reiki practice can also be labeled as coping strategy and comes in sight when patients face loss of health. When patients receive \u2018bad news\u2019 about their health, they often feel confronted with the shatters of life. Each patient then must find a way to cope with that where coping (Yampolsky 2008) can be seen as the process by which one makes use of intrapersonal, interpersonal, and environmental resources to manage a situation that has been deemed to be stressful. In this description, religious and spiritual practices are possible resources which is supported by much academic literature. Coping behaviors have been described as adaptive and maladaptive . where adaptive coping consists of behaviors that lead the individual to maintain positive outcomes, such as life satisfaction, high self-esteem, and functioning in daily life, despite the stressful situation. In the context of ERG, it is relevant to notice that till today, there seems to be no academic literature on Reiki practice mentioning negative side-effects.<\/span><\/p>\n In conclusion, this information may support ERG participants active in a medical setting in any given European country to offer Reiki practice as a possible resource for a coping strategy, posit Reiki practice solely as adaptive, and additionally recognize it as holistic. The holistic characteristic gives room for experiences where Reiki’s beneficial effects even transcend the already recognized positive outcomes and, therefore, Reiki practice may support the patient\u2019s construction of existential well-being touching the patient’s dimensions of body, mind and spirit.<\/span><\/p>\n References:\u00a0\u00a0<\/span>Yampolsky et al. 2008: http:\/\/www.afb.org\/afbpress\/pubnew.asp?DocID=jvib020104<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n [\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text module_id=”4″ _builder_version=”4.21.0″ _module_preset=”default” min_height=”227.2px” custom_padding=”|8px||8px|false|false” global_colors_info=”{}”]<\/p>\n Delay<\/strong><\/span> In contemporary Western Reiki, commonly the Reiki training is divided in a Reiki 1 class, a Reiki 2 class and a Reiki Master training which can be one training or two or more, called i.e. 3A and 3B or 3 and 4.<\/span><\/p>\n Several interpretations or analyses on the development of Reiki practitioners determine the time intervals or delay between different trainings. There are Masters that offer all trainings in one day or one weekend, but this can be regarded as rarity. Most, if not all Reiki Masters as well as Reiki styles in general apply delay that can vary from weeks or months up to years. The longest delay known is applied by the specific style of Usui Shiki Ryoho that Phyllis Furumoto represents. Early this century, she advised to consider a delay of one year between Reiki 1 and 2, a delay of 6 years between Reiki 1 and the moment one becomes a Reiki Master, and 10 years before a Reiki Master initiates another Reiki Master. The argumentation for these \u2018time and timing\u2019 guidelines as she calls it, is that it would unfold and support the value of preparation for each step of studentship.<\/span><\/p>\n In general, delay may have a strained relationship with Western consumerism. Spirituality has become a commodity that by many is experienced as something that can be bought or purchased, as in the case of Reiki. Delay challenges self-control and patience where it might well be that a Reiki student is influenced in choosing a Reiki Master by the applied delay.<\/span><\/p>\n In conclusion, Reiki organizations all decide by themselves which delay is appropriate, advised or obligatory and for what reason.<\/span><\/p>\n [\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text module_id=”5″ _builder_version=”4.21.0″ _module_preset=”default” custom_padding=”|8px||8px|false|false” global_colors_info=”{}”]<\/p>\n Ethics<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n Reiki practice include ethics. Each Reiki practitioner is tutored in the Reiki principles during his or her Reiki 1 class, and when someone wants to become a member of any type of Reiki organization, he or she has to endorse it’s Code of Ethics.<\/span><\/p>\n More in general, ethics act in the interaction between Reiki practitioner and society where the signs of time indicate that this will become more and more a pressing issue in the (near) future. It suffices to give one example, an issue present in all European countries.<\/span><\/p>\n On the one hand, costs of healthcare increase dramatically and discussions take place in the public domain, in politics and in healthcare how to control this rise. Also, discussions take place about whether to give support in any form of euthanasia at the end one\u2019s life; aid in dying. Think of the Dignitas clinic in Z\u00fcrich. At this moment, these two topics touch each other; supporting end of life is regarded by some as a possible mean for bringing rising costs under control. For most people, this is an ethical slippery slope.<\/span><\/p>\n When a Reiki practitioner encounters a situation with a client who is at the end of life, what is the most ethical conduct for this practitioner? It relates to numerous (sub) topics like: Is reiki energy a \u2018life energy\u2019 not to be used in the process of dying? Does one belief in any form of after-life and can reiki energy be supportive in the transition to that other dimension? What to do when a practitioner encounters a situation with allopathic over-treatment where a physical body is kept \u2018alive\u2019 against all kinds of nature\u2019s laws? And how is the nature of reiki energy interpreted and applied in such a situation?<\/span><\/p>\n In conclusion, shortly Reiki organizations will be confronted with principal ethical issues like the ones exemplified above. In this envisioned near future, Code of Conducts sooner or later also must reflect a standpoint as i.e. for life and living, death and dying, and the very nature of reiki energy.<\/span><\/p>\n [\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text module_id=”6″ _builder_version=”4.21.0″ _module_preset=”default” custom_padding=”|8px||8px|false|false” global_colors_info=”{}”]<\/p>\n Healing<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n What is Healing? It is a term often used but seldom defined, neither in academic literature nor in the public press as in the case of literature on Reiki.<\/span><\/p>\n In 2019, a generic article on healing is published by Oxford Bibliographies, written by us; Dori Beeler and Jojan Jonker. Therefore, we take the liberty to limit ourselves here by giving the link to this which will suit ERG sufficiently.<\/span><\/p>\n https:\/\/www.oxfordbibliographies.com\/view\/document\/obo-9780199766567\/obo-9780199766567-0218.xml?fbclid=IwAR3fb5h0eY6qlsnvuZIhknW-bi2uJvkxXK1IrldIdcrUWM1Se42WackrSI8<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n [\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text module_id=”7″ _builder_version=”4.21.0″ _module_preset=”default” custom_padding=”|8px||8px|false|false” global_colors_info=”{}”]<\/p>\n Healthcare<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n In every country, there is a tripartite relationship noticeable between three forces: cultural & religious background, politics, and science (Jonker 2016, p482, p512). The way healthcare is organized in a certain country, is one of the outcomes of this relationship. (Other outcomes are the educational system, the legal system, the economical system.) I.e. the topic of abortion and euthanasia are differently experienced in a Catholic country like Ireland versus a more liberal, Protestant country like the Netherlands.<\/span><\/p>\n CAM modalities have to find their place in this relationship and that place may differ per country. In some countries, there might be resistance from the force religion while in others the force science might be more dominant. This influences also the (type of) relationship between Reiki practitioner and the recipient. I.e. in the Netherlands, within allopathic healthcare there is a more than average resistance against CAM modalities. This may have to do that the population in the Netherlands becomes less and less religious which gives room for the force science to intensify, reflected i.e. in the fact that CAM modalities like Reiki have to prove themselves in s scientific way, rather than in a religious way.<\/span><\/p>\n In conclusion, ERG participants may experience the relation healthcare-Reiki in their own specific way, based on the country they live in and the Reiki style they practice.<\/span><\/p>\n [\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text module_id=”8″ _builder_version=”4.21.0″ _module_preset=”default” custom_padding=”|8px||8px|false|false” global_colors_info=”{}”]<\/p>\n History<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n For an timeline on the history on Reiki regarding the Japanese era, please visit: https:\/\/wrldrels.org\/2017\/01\/24\/reiki-japan\/<\/span><\/p>\n This contribution is composed by Justin Stein and is based on his study as well as the work of Hirano Naoko, Dori Beeler and Jojan Jonker.<\/span><\/p>\n For an timeline on the history and certain developments in the West, please visit: https:\/\/wrldrels.org\/2016\/10\/08\/reiki\/<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n This text is composed by Dori Beeler and Jojan Jonker and is also based on the work of Justin Stein, Hirano Naoko and Robert Fueston.<\/span><\/p>\n [\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text module_id=”9″ _builder_version=”4.21.0″ _module_preset=”default” custom_padding=”|8px||8px|false|false” global_colors_info=”{}”]<\/p>\n Ideals<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n See the entry on Principles.<\/span><\/p>\n In the 1930s, Takata initially used the term Ideals as interpretation of the Japanese term Gokai, but in time, switched to the term Principles which became the most common in the Reiki scene.<\/span><\/p>\n [\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text module_id=”10″ _builder_version=”4.21.0″ _module_preset=”default” custom_padding=”|8px||8px|false|true” global_colors_info=”{}”]<\/p>\n Metaphysics<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n Catherine Albanese explained that metaphysical traditions define the term \u2018meta\u00adphysics\u2019 as \u201cbeyond the physical into or towards the life of the mind\u201d[1]. She continued that for many forms of spirituality, healing is expressed as, or is to be achieved by, empowerment: the experience of mind being the cre\u00adator and controller of one\u2019s destiny. The concept is that what happens in the human world and mind, replicates the concept of a holistic universe of body, mind and spirit (which many would call \u2018holism\u2019). This idea also proclaims that there are organic relations between the material world and the spiritual world, and that practice and rituals of a tradition can influence these relations.<\/span><\/p>\n Within Reiki, it is i.e. through the use of Reiki symbols that such a relation between the material world and the spiritual world becomes visible and is experienced. It is here where many practitioners experience holism.<\/span><\/p>\n [1] Albanese, 1999, p307.<\/span><\/p>\n Albanese, Catherine L. (1986), \u2018Physic nad Metaphysic in Nineteenth-Century America: Medical Sectarians and Religious Healing\u2019 in: Church History, Vol. 55, No. 4, pp489-502.<\/span><\/p>\n \u2014\u2014 (1991), Nature Religion in America. From the Algonkian Indians to the New Age, Chicago: University of Chicago Press.<\/span><\/p>\n \u2014\u2014 (1999), \u2018The Subtle Energies of Spirit: Explorations in Metaphysical and New Age Spirituality\u2019 in: Journal of the American Academy of Religion, Vol. 67, No. 2, pp305-325.<\/span><\/p>\n \u2014\u2014 (2000), \u2018The Aura of Wellness: Subtle-Energy Healing and New Age Religion\u2019 in: Religion and American Culture: A Journal of Interpretation, Vol. 10, No. 1, pp29-55.<\/span><\/p>\n \u2014\u2014 (2007), A Republic of Mind and Spirit: A Cultural History of American Metaphysical Religion, New Haven: Yale University Press.<\/span><\/p>\n [\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text module_id=”11″ _builder_version=”4.21.0″ _module_preset=”default” custom_padding=”|8px||8px|false|false” global_colors_info=”{}”]<\/p>\n Method<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n For the majority of self-practitioners, Reiki is a spiritual practice that is a reflection of one’s own constellation of spirituality. For professional-practitioners who offer Reiki to (paying) clients like in a hospital, Reiki can also be approached as Method and as such being explained to medical professionals. That is the reason for the presentation of this entry. For most self-practitioners, it seems irrelevant whether it is a Method or not. (In general, they do may experience a negative connotation with the word religion.) They are interested in the beneficial effect and less in the label of their personal practice formulated by others.<\/span><\/p>\n Following Paquette, a method is made of<\/span> In the case of a Reiki treatment, one can recognize it as a method. Concepts are used like reiki energy, Reiki symbols and initiation. Procedures are followed in i.e. hand positions during a hands-on treatment or the use of symbols in a specific way in a distant-treatment. Principles are used like the idea of holism suggesting a relation between body, mind, and spirit.<\/span><\/p>\n Source: Gilbert Paquette, Visual Knowledge Modeling for Semantic Web Technologies: Models and Ontologies, <\/span> [\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text module_id=”12″ _builder_version=”4.21.0″ _module_preset=”default” custom_padding=”|8px||8px|false|false” global_colors_info=”{}”]<\/p>\n Model<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n In those cases where a Reiki practitioner (either professionally or as volunteer) and a recipient are involved, a certain relationship between those two occurs. One can try to catch this relationship in a more theoretical framework, like model, as cognitive tool to apprehend the diversity in Reiki styles-country combinations. One example of modelling this relationship is suggested by Merrijoy Kelner (2000) who indicates three models.<\/span><\/p>\n 1. The Paternalistic Model<\/span> With the information in mind presented in the entry Healthcare, it depends on a given situation in a country which model can be recognized as the common one. For example, in the Netherlands, a decision is made in the 1980s that healthcare should be exposed to the free market economy with the hope\/wish that efficiency would increase and the total costs would decrease. One unexpected side effect of this policy is that services provided by medical professionals became economical products and patients became consumers, comparing prices and demanding deliverance. In other words, health became a commodity and the idea arose that it is something that can be purchased. All this changed the Dutch healthcare landscape dramatically, and in this example, the consumerist model is the dominant one both in regular healthcare and in CAM. But i.e. in Switzerland, the most prevalent model seems to be the partnership model, while the consumerist model can be found in SPA centers (which are almost absent in the Netherlands).<\/span><\/p>\n Also, it makes a difference whether the practitioner offers a treatment as part of a spiritual practice or as \u2018technical treatment\u2019 (as addressed in this entry). Personal interpretations of the practitioner of what precisely Reiki is will influence the type of relationship and the category of model recognized\/applied. The same goes for the recipient. Is s\/he seeking some sort of spiritual guidance or just relief of pain? All such factors play a role and make almost every encounter between practitioner and recipient a custom-made relationship.<\/span><\/p>\n In conclusion, ERG participants may want to reflect on this topic what the specific situation is for the country they live in and the relation to the Reiki style they practice as well as on their own interpretation of Reiki, and thus process their insights into their policy how to act accordingly.<\/span><\/p>\n \n Sources:<\/span><\/p>\n
> Code of Ethics<\/span><\/a>
> Coping strategy\u200b<\/span><\/a>
> Delay\u200b<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n
> Healing\u200b<\/span><\/a>
> Healthcare\u200b<\/span><\/a>
> History<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n
> Metaphysics<\/span><\/a>
> Method<\/span><\/a>
> Model<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n
> Placebo Response<\/span><\/a>
> Practitioner<\/span><\/a>
> Precepts<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n
> reiki<\/span><\/a>
> Reiki<\/span><\/a>
> Religion<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n
> Symbols<\/span><\/a>
> \u970a\u6c17<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n
<\/span><\/p>\n
<\/span><\/p>\n
a set of concepts : conceptual knowledge (knowing what);<\/span>
a set of procedures : procedural knowledge (knowing how).<\/span>
a set of principles : relational principles (knowing why), decision principles (knowing when), strategic knowledge.<\/span>
If one of these sets is not present or weak with respect to the others, then it is something other than a method (for example a conceptual system, a process, a theory\u2026).<\/span><\/p>\n
https:\/\/www.igi-global.com\/book\/visual-knowledge-modeling-semantic-web\/37356<\/span><\/a>
https:\/\/www.igi-global.com\/viewtitlesample.aspx?id=44925&ptid=37356&t=Types%20and%20Examples%20of%20Knowledge%20Models<\/a> (page 2)<\/span><\/p>\n
2. The Shared Decision-Making Model<\/span>
3. The Consumerist Model<\/span><\/p>\n